Design judgment + human-centered AI

Making AI tools that sharpen design judgment.

I build and study interfaces that help people think, design, and build with AI: exploring possibilities, seeing tradeoffs, and developing taste over time.

Cognitive Science Ph.D. student at UC San Diego Advised by Prof. Steven P. Dow in ProtoLab.

Thesis thread Scaffolding for Taste
Methods Build, test, iterate
Sirui Tao portrait
Design loop Vibes -> variables -> value
Research question How can interfaces make better design decisions visible?

Thesis thread

Taste is a research problem.

My main thesis thread is Scaffolding for Taste: how AI can help people develop taste, discernment, and evaluative judgment in a world of generative abundance. When AI can generate ten options in a minute, the hard part is learning what differs, what matters, and why one direction is worth pursuing.

Design principle

Good interfaces should make differences, tradeoffs, consequences, and evidence easier to see, so people can reason about what to try next.

I like applying this to urban design, architecture, interior and product design, fashion, robotics, education, and creative media: places where ideas move from vibes -> variables -> value.

Why now

Why this work matters now

AI makes it easy to produce variants; my question is how people learn to choose well.

01

More output does not mean more taste.

When generation is cheap, the scarce work is comparison: seeing dimensions, tradeoffs, and evidence across options.

02

Everyone is closer to the prototype.

Designers, researchers, PMs, and engineers all shape early artifacts now. Interfaces need to support shared reasoning before decisions harden.

03

Speed still needs reflection.

Fast cycles are useful only if teams keep room for critique, incubation, and explaining why a direction is better.

Research focus

Design, evaluate, situate.

A small interactive sketch of the loops I keep studying: generating directions, reading evidence, and grounding assistance in the situation where work happens.

Motion pattern inspired by Stripe's homepage craft and Katie Dill's design-quality framing. Stripe design team and Katie Dill at Stripe Sessions.

Showing the Design motion sketch.

Design lens

Human-AI for design and taste

I study interfaces that scaffold creative judgment: helping people explore and refine generative possibilities without losing the dimensions, constraints, and values that make a design worth pursuing.

  • Make exploration more grounded, legible, and human-centered.
  • Surface meaningful differences, tradeoffs, and consequences across directions.
  • Move ideas from vibes to variables to value.
See DesignWeaver

Selected publications

Papers worth opening first.

  1. Sirui Tao, William P. McCarthy, and Steven P. Dow
    In Herding CATs: Making Sense of Creative Activity Traces (CHI 2026 Workshop), Feb 2026
    Workshop Position Paper
  2. CVPR
    hotspot.png
    Zimo Wang, Cheng Wang, Taiki Yoshino, Sirui Tao, Ziyang Fu, and Tzu-Mao Li
    In Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Highlight), Jun 2025
  3. CHI
    designweaver.png
    Sirui Tao, Ivan Liang, Cindy Peng, Zhiqing Wang, Srishti Palani, and Steven Dow
    In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Apr 2025
  4. NeurIPS
    physion.gif
    Daniel Bear, Elias Wang, Damian Mrowca, Felix Binder, Hsiao-Yu Tung, Pramod RT, Cameron Holdaway, Sirui Tao, Kevin Smith, Fan-Yun Sun, Fei-Fei Li, Nancy Kanwisher, Josh Tenenbaum, Dan Yamins, and Judith Fan
    In Proceedings of the Neural Information Processing Systems Track on Datasets and Benchmarks, Dec 2021
Open full publication list

Updates

Recent signals.

Full timeline

HotSpot got selected as a CVPR 25 Highlight!

Research opportunities

For students who like messy questions.

I like working with undergraduate and master's students who can stay curious about a messy question long enough to make it sharper.

You do not need to arrive as an expert. It helps if you enjoy reading closely, making prototypes, testing claims, and explaining what changed your mind.

When reaching out

  1. Read the research-start post.
  2. Email s1tao@ucsd.edu with subject "UCSD Research Interest".
  3. Include a 1-page CV or resume and a 3-5 sentence note on the questions or domains you care about.
Read the post

Connect

Find me around the web.